![]() Both M50 and M100 magnitudes were different with the presenting order (S1 vs. The second response in a pair affected by S1 in the consecutive stimuli occurred in M100 of the left hemisphere, whereas both M50 and M100 responses to S2 only in the right hemisphere reflected whether two stimuli in a pair were the same or not. This result might support that timbre, at least by phasing and clipping, is discriminated in the auditory early processing. As a result, the magnitudes of auditory M50 and M100 responses were different with timbre in both hemispheres. Two different or same tones in timbre were presented through conditioning (S1)-testing (S2) paradigm as a pair with an interval of 500 ms. Thirty-five healthy subjects without hearing deficit participated in the experiments. ![]() We investigated the auditory response and sensory gating as well, using by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Here we employ phasing and clipping of tones to produce auditory stimuli differing to describe the multidimensional nature of timbre. The issue of how differences in timbre are represented in the neural response still has not been well addressed, particularly with regard to the relevant brain mechanisms. Seol, Jaeho Oh, MiAe Kim, June Sic Jin, Seung-Hyun Kim, Sun Il Chung, Chun Kee Speech-elicited auditory-neurophysiological responses offer objective insight into listening skills during early childhood by reflecting the integrity of neural coding in quiet and noise this paper documents typical response propertiesĭiscrimination of timbre in early auditory responses of the human brain. These results may explain why some listeners have inordinate difficulties understanding speech in noise. Taken together, these results demonstrate that noise places a neurophysiological constraint on speech processing during early childhood by causing a breakdown in neural processing of speech acoustics. Neural coding of speech temporal fine structure, however, was more resilient to the addition of background noise than coding of temporal envelope information. These effects were exacerbated in response to the consonant transition relative to the vowel, suggesting that the neural coding of spectrotemporally-dynamic speech features is more tenuous in noise than the coding of static features—even in children this young. Overall, responses were degraded in noise: they were smaller, less stable across trials, slower, and there was poorer coding of spectral content and the temporal envelope. To better understand the physiological constraints these adverse listening scenarios impose on speech sound coding during early childhood, auditory-neurophysiological responses were elicited to a consonant-vowel syllable in quiet and background noise in a cohort of typically-developing preschoolers (ages 3–5 yr). Despite the importance of robust and reliable auditory processing during early childhood, little is known about the neurophysiology underlying speech processing in children so young. This background noise degrades the neural coding of these critical sounds, in turn interfering with auditory learning. But learning rarely occurs under ideal listening conditions—children are forced to listen against a relentless din. Kraus, NinaĮarly childhood is a critical period of auditory learning, during which children are constantly mapping sounds to meaning. Carr, Kali Woodruff Nicol, Trent Bradlow, Ann R. PMID:25378368Īuditory-neurophysiological responses to speech during early childhood: Effects of background noise Thus, our results provide further evidence that blind individuals do indeed “see†auditory motion. These findings suggest that early blind responses within hMT+ are associated with the perception of auditory motion, and that these responses in hMT+ may usurp some of the functions of nondeprived PT. Within early blind individuals, auditory motion decisions for both stimuli were successfully categorized from responses within the human middle temporal complex (hMT+), but not the PT or right LOC. In sighted individuals, perceived motion direction was accurately categorized based on neural responses within the planum temporale (PT) and right lateral occipital cortex (LOC). We used fMRI pattern classification to categorize the perceived direction of motion for both coherent and ambiguous auditory motion stimuli. ![]() However, it is not clear whether these occipital responses directly mediate the perception of auditory/tactile stimuli, or simply modulate or augment responses within other sensory areas. Studies showing that occipital cortex responds to auditory and tactile stimuli after early blindness are often interpreted as demonstrating that early blind subjects “see†auditory and tactile stimuli. Auditory motion processing after early blindness
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